Dielectric barrier discharges with a nitrogen-oxygen gas mixture are of great interest due to their positive effects on surface modification and sterilization. Among all the mixtures, the 90% nitrogen-10% oxygen gas mixture is of great importance due to its plasma stability and strong chemical activity. In this study, a one-dimensional fluid model is used to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of dielectric barrier discharge in a 90% nitrogen-10% oxygen gas mixture at atmospheric pressure. For this purpose, the COMSOL code is used to investigate the discharge characteristics, including the current-voltage curve and the generation and destruction of active particles under a sinusoidal voltage with an amplitude of 8 kV and a frequency of 10 kHz. The simulation shows that this combination does not turn into an arc or spark, or filament discharge while producing a relatively stable plasma. Also, the simulation results show that the most abundant ion in the discharge space is the +2 O ion, while only ten percent of the total gas is oxygen. Also, the most abundant active particles at this moment are oxygen atoms, NO molecules, and ozone molecules, respectively, which makes this gaseous mixture a suitable mixture for sterilization and surface modification processes.